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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
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+"""
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+快速备份项目工具
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+读取 .gitignore 规则并打包项目文件（排除匹配的文件）
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+
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+bash backups/一键备份.sh
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+
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+文件位置：
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+ backups/快速备份.py
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+
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+工具清单（backups/目录）：
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+ • 快速备份.py - 核心备份引擎（7.3 KB）
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+ • 一键备份.sh - 一键执行脚本（2.4 KB）
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+
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+使用方法：
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+ $ bash backups/一键备份.sh
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+ 或
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+ $ python3 backups/快速备份.py
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+
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+备份输出：
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+ backups/gz/备份_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.tar.gz
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+
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+适用项目：
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+ 任何包含 .gitignore 文件的项目（自动读取规则并排除匹配文件）
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+
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+依赖：
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+ 无需额外安装包，仅使用Python内置模块
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+"""
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+
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+import os
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+import tarfile
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+import fnmatch
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+from pathlib import Path
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+from datetime import datetime
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+import argparse
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+import sys
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+
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+
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+class GitignoreFilter:
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+ """解析 .gitignore 文件并过滤文件"""
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+
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+ def __init__(self, gitignore_path: Path, project_root: Path):
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+ self.project_root = project_root
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+ # 规则按照出现顺序存储，支持取反（!）语义，后匹配覆盖前匹配
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+ # 每项: {"pattern": str, "dir_only": bool, "negate": bool, "has_slash": bool}
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+ self.rules = []
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+ self.load_gitignore(gitignore_path)
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+
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+ def load_gitignore(self, gitignore_path: Path):
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+ """加载并解析 .gitignore 文件"""
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+ if not gitignore_path.exists():
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+ print(f"⚠️ 警告: {gitignore_path} 不存在，将不应用任何过滤规则")
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+ return
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+
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+ try:
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+ with open(gitignore_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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+ for line in f:
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+ line = line.strip()
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+
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+ # 跳过空行和注释
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+ if not line or line.startswith('#'):
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+ continue
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+
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+ negate = line.startswith('!')
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+ if negate:
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+ line = line[1:].lstrip()
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+ if not line:
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+ continue
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+
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+ dir_only = line.endswith('/')
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+ has_slash = '/' in line.rstrip('/')
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+
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+ self.rules.append({
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+ "pattern": line,
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+ "dir_only": dir_only,
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+ "negate": negate,
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+ "has_slash": has_slash,
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+ })
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+
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+ print(f"✓ 已加载 {len(self.rules)} 条规则（含取反）")
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+
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+ except Exception as e:
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+ print(f"❌ 读取 .gitignore 失败: {e}")
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+ sys.exit(1)
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+
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+ def _match_rule(self, rule: dict, relative_path_str: str, is_dir: bool) -> bool:
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+ """按规则匹配路径，返回是否命中"""
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+ pattern = rule["pattern"]
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+ dir_only = rule["dir_only"]
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+ has_slash = rule["has_slash"]
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+
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+ # 目录规则：匹配目录自身或其子路径
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+ if dir_only:
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+ normalized = pattern.rstrip('/')
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+ if relative_path_str == normalized or relative_path_str.startswith(normalized + '/'):
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+ return True
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+ return False
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+
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+ # 带路径分隔的规则：按相对路径匹配
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+ if has_slash:
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+ return fnmatch.fnmatch(relative_path_str, pattern)
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+
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+ # 无斜杠：匹配任意层级的基本名
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+ if fnmatch.fnmatch(Path(relative_path_str).name, pattern):
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+ return True
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+ # 额外处理目录命中：无通配符时，若任一父级目录名等于 pattern 也视为命中
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+ if pattern.isalpha() and pattern in relative_path_str.split('/'):
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+ return True
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+ return False
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+
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+ def should_exclude(self, path: Path, is_dir: bool = False) -> bool:
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+ """
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+ 判断路径是否应该被排除（支持 ! 取反，后匹配覆盖前匹配）
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+ 返回 True 表示应该排除（不备份）
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+ """
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+ try:
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+ # 统一使用 POSIX 路径风格进行匹配
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+ relative_path_str = path.relative_to(self.project_root).as_posix()
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+ except ValueError:
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+ return False # 不在项目根目录内，不处理
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+
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+ # Git 风格：从上到下最后一次匹配决定去留
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+ matched = None
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+ for rule in self.rules:
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+ if self._match_rule(rule, relative_path_str, is_dir):
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+ matched = not rule["negate"] # negate 表示显式允许
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+
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+ return bool(matched)
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+
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+
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+def create_backup(project_root: Path, output_file: Path, filter_obj: GitignoreFilter):
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+ """创建备份压缩包"""
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+
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+ # 统计信息
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+ total_files = 0
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+ excluded_files = 0
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+ included_files = 0
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+
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+ print(f"\n{'='*60}")
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+ print(f"开始备份项目: {project_root}")
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+ print(f"输出文件: {output_file}")
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+ print(f"{'='*60}\n")
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+
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+ try:
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+ with tarfile.open(output_file, 'w:gz') as tar:
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+ # 使用 os.walk 可在目录层级提前剪枝，避免进入已忽略目录
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+ for root, dirs, files in os.walk(project_root, topdown=True):
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+ root_path = Path(root)
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+
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+ # 目录剪枝：命中忽略规则或 .git 时不再深入
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+ pruned_dirs = []
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+ for d in dirs:
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+ dir_path = root_path / d
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+ if d == '.git' or filter_obj.should_exclude(dir_path, is_dir=True):
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+ print(f" 排除目录: {dir_path.relative_to(project_root)}")
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+ excluded_files += 1
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+ continue
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+ pruned_dirs.append(d)
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+ dirs[:] = pruned_dirs
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+
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+ for name in files:
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+ path = root_path / name
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+ total_files += 1
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+
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+ # 文件忽略判定
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+ if '.git' in path.parts or filter_obj.should_exclude(path):
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+ excluded_files += 1
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+ print(f" 排除: {path.relative_to(project_root)}")
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+ continue
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+
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+ arcname = path.relative_to(project_root)
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+ tar.add(path, arcname=arcname)
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+ included_files += 1
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+ print(f" 备份: {arcname}")
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+
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+ print(f"\n{'='*60}")
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+ print("备份完成!")
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+ print(f"{'='*60}")
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+ print(f"总文件数: {total_files}")
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+ print(f"已备份: {included_files} 个文件")
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+ print(f"已排除: {excluded_files} 个文件/目录")
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+ print(f"压缩包大小: {output_file.stat().st_size / 1024 / 1024:.2f} MB")
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+ print(f"{'='*60}")
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+
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+ return True
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+
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+ except Exception as e:
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+ print(f"\n❌ 备份失败: {e}")
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+ import traceback
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+ traceback.print_exc()
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+ return False
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+
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+
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+def main():
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+ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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+ description='快速备份项目（根据 .gitignore 排除文件）',
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+ formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
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+ epilog="""
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+使用示例:
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+ # 基本用法（备份到 backups/gz/ 目录）
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+ python backups/快速备份.py
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+
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+ # 指定输出文件
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+ python backups/快速备份.py -o my_backup.tar.gz
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+
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+ # 指定项目根目录
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+ python backups/快速备份.py -p /path/to/project
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+ """
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+ )
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+
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+ parser.add_argument(
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+ '-p', '--project',
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+ type=str,
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+ default='.',
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+ help='项目根目录路径（默认: 当前目录）'
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+ )
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+
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+ parser.add_argument(
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+ '-o', '--output',
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+ type=str,
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+ help='输出文件路径（默认: backups/备份_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.tar.gz）'
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+ )
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+
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+ parser.add_argument(
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+ '-g', '--gitignore',
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+ type=str,
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+ default='.gitignore',
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+ help='.gitignore 文件路径（默认: .gitignore）'
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+ )
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+
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+ args = parser.parse_args()
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+
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+ # 解析路径
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+ project_root = Path(args.project).resolve()
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+ gitignore_path = Path(args.gitignore).resolve()
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+
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+ if not project_root.exists():
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+ print(f"❌ 错误: 项目目录不存在: {project_root}")
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+ sys.exit(1)
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+
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+ # 确定输出文件路径
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+ if args.output:
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+ output_file = Path(args.output).resolve()
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+ else:
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+ # 默认输出到 backups/gz/ 目录
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+ backup_dir = project_root / 'backups' / 'gz'
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+ backup_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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+
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+ timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
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+ output_file = backup_dir / f'备份_{timestamp}.tar.gz'
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+
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+ # 确保输出目录存在
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+ output_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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+
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+ # 创建过滤器
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+ filter_obj = GitignoreFilter(gitignore_path, project_root)
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+
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+ # 执行备份
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+ success = create_backup(project_root, output_file, filter_obj)
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+
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+ sys.exit(0 if success else 1)
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+
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+
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+if __name__ == '__main__':
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+ main()
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tukuaiai